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1. The unsafe condition of the crane is first of all the risks caused by non-standard design, such as overload protection failure, insufficient strength of the balance axle, no anti-decoupling device, unreasonable selection of spreader rigging, etc.; secondly, there are manufacturing defects and installation defects, such as improper material selection and poor processing quality, which put equipment with hidden dangers into use. A large number of problems exist in the use process, such as failure to replace scrapped parts in time, lack of necessary safety protection, poor maintenance and diseased operation, resulting in out-of-control movement, damage to parts or structures, and irregular safety performance inspections. In short, defects in any link such as design, manufacturing, installation, use and inspection may lead to serious consequences of the hook hanging objects falling. The essential safety of cranes (design, manufacturing, and installation) is the basic condition to ensure the safety of lifting operations.

2. Human unsafe behavior Human behavior is affected by many factors such as physiology, psychology and comprehensive quality, which are manifested in unskilled operating skills, lack of necessary safety education and training; non-driver operation, working without a license; reckless behavior in violation of rules and disciplines, bad operating habits; errors in judgment and operation, unclear command signals, uncoordinated cooperation between lifting drivers and lifting workers, and human body biorhythms in the "three high zones", etc. In short, poor safety awareness and low operating skills are the main human causes of accidents.

3. Unfavorable environments where environmental factors exceed safety limits or hygienic standards, such as lifting operations in environments with high dust, high temperature, high humidity, low temperature, high noise, strong winds, poor lighting, etc., will distract the attention, directly affect the reaction ability of the workers and the stability of technical performance, increase the chances of misoperation and illegal operations, and lead to accidents. In addition, a poor working environment will also cause the crane system itself to reduce its function and even accelerate the failure of parts (components), becoming one of the unsafe factors.

4. Safety management defect management includes the safety awareness level of leaders; the management, inspection and implementation of regular safety performance inspections of cranes; safety education and training for relevant personnel; special training for lifting operators, the formulation of crane safe operation regulations and the establishment of a reward and penalty system for violations and accident emergency plans, and the lack of effective monitoring and management of regular inspections of lifting equipment and lifting aids, etc. Any negligence or failure in safety management is one of the important reasons for lifting casualties.

There are both human and physical factors that cause the hanging object to fall off the hook. Therefore, it is necessary to strive to carry out design, equipment purchase, installation and construction in accordance with relevant national lifting machinery safety regulations and standards in terms of equipment selection, safety protection measures, factory construction, lifting processes, operating environment, regular inspections, etc. Starting from both the human and material aspects, the user should formulate safety rules and operating procedures for crane operation, maintenance and management. At the same time, we should be clearly aware that in accordance with the relevant national regulations on the safety management of special equipment, regular testing and inspection of the safety performance of cranes in use (including lifting aids) is to ensure the safe operation of the lifting equipment in use and reduce the risk ofIt is one of the necessary guarantee conditions to eliminate the occurrence of accidents caused by falling objects from metallurgical crane hooks.

1. The unsafe condition of the crane is first of all the risks caused by non-standard design, such as overload protection failure, insufficient strength of the balance axle, no anti-decoupling device, unreasonable selection of spreader rigging, etc.; secondly, there are manufacturing defects and installation defects, such as improper material selection and poor processing quality, which put equipment with hidden dangers into use. A large number of problems exist in the use process, such as failure to replace scrapped parts in time, lack of necessary safety protection, poor maintenance and diseased operation, resulting in out-of-control movement, damage to parts or structures, and irregular safety performance inspections. In short, defects in any link such as design, manufacturing, installation, use and inspection may lead to serious consequences of the hook hanging objects falling. The essential safety of cranes (design, manufacturing, and installation) is the basic condition to ensure the safety of lifting operations.

2. Human unsafe behavior Human behavior is affected by many factors such as physiology, psychology and comprehensive quality, which are manifested in unskilled operating skills, lack of necessary safety education and training; non-driver operation, working without a license; reckless behavior in violation of rules and disciplines, bad operating habits; errors in judgment and operation, unclear command signals, uncoordinated cooperation between lifting drivers and lifting workers, and human body biorhythms in the "three high zones", etc. In short, poor safety awareness and low operating skills are the main human causes of accidents.

3. Unfavorable environments where environmental factors exceed safety limits or hygienic standards, such as lifting operations in environments with high dust, high temperature, high humidity, low temperature, high noise, strong winds, poor lighting, etc., will distract the attention, directly affect the reaction ability of the workers and the stability of technical performance, increase the chances of misoperation and illegal operations, and lead to accidents. In addition, a poor working environment will also cause the crane system itself to reduce its function and even accelerate the failure of parts (components), becoming one of the unsafe factors.

4. Safety management defect management includes the safety awareness level of leaders; the management, inspection and implementation of regular safety performance inspections of cranes; safety education and training for relevant personnel; special training for lifting operators, the formulation of crane safe operation regulations and the establishment of a reward and penalty system for violations and accident emergency plans, and the lack of effective monitoring and management of regular inspections of lifting equipment and lifting aids, etc. Any negligence or failure in safety management is one of the important reasons for lifting casualties.

There are both human and physical factors that cause the hanging object to fall off the hook. Therefore, it is necessary to strive to carry out design, equipment purchase, installation and construction in accordance with relevant national lifting machinery safety regulations and standards in terms of equipment selection, safety protection measures, factory construction, lifting processes, operating environment, regular inspections, etc. Starting from both the human and material aspects, the user should formulate safety rules and operating procedures for crane operation, maintenance and management. At the same time, we should be clearly aware that in accordance with the relevant national regulations on the safety management of special equipment, regular testing and inspection of the safety performance of cranes in use (including lifting aids) is to ensure the safe operation of the lifting equipment in use and reduce the risk ofIt is one of the necessary guarantee conditions to eliminate the occurrence of accidents caused by falling objects from metallurgical crane hooks.