Specification for multi-machine collaborative operation of crane hooks
When multiple cranes are working together (such as installing large equipment, lifting bridges, and assembling prefabricated components), safety regulations must be strictly followed to prevent accidents such as collisions, overloads, and eccentric loads. The following are key operating regulations and control points.
1. Preparation before operation
(1) Develop collaborative work plans
-
Load distribution calculation : clarify the load proportion borne by each crane (usually not exceeding 80% of the rated load of a single crane).
-
Lifting point design : ensure that the hook is evenly loaded to avoid eccentric loading (e.g. using a balance beam or distributor).
-
Path planning : simulate the lifting trajectory to avoid multi-machine interference.
(2) Equipment inspection
-
Hooks and rigging : Check for wear, deformation and locking devices (refer to the anti-unhooking technology mentioned above).
-
Synchronous control system : confirm whether each crane has the synchronous operation function (such as variable frequency speed regulation, PLC coordination).
-
Communication system : Test wireless intercom or dedicated command channel to ensure real-time communication between operators and commanders.
(3) Personnel training and division of labor
-
Commander-in-chief : One person gives unified orders, and other operators are prohibited from taking any action without authorization.
-
Signalman : Each crane is equipped with a signalman who uses standardized hand gestures or light signals.
-
Safety Supervisor : monitors the entire site and can stop operations in emergency situations.
2. Key points to control during operation
(1) Synchronous operation specifications
-
Hoisting/lowering synchronization : the speed deviation of each hook is ≤5% to avoid load tilting.
-
Walking coordination : adopts the "leader-slave" mode, the leader controls the direction and the slave follows.
-
Anti-sway control : Combined with anti-sway system (PID or input shaping) to reduce load sway interference.
(2) Safety distance requirements
| Scenario | Minimum spacing requirements |
|---|---|
| Two cranes lifting in parallel | ≥ Load width + 2m |
| Cross-operation (high and low positions) | Vertical distance ≥3m |
| Nearby buildings/high voltage lines | ≥Safety limit (according to local regulations) |
(3) Emergency measures
-
Sudden overload : Stop lifting immediately and balance the load by fine-tuning.
-
Collision warning trigger : The anti-collision system (LiDAR/UWB) is enabled and the vehicle automatically shuts down.
-
Communication interruption : preset emergency stop signal (such as continuous flashing lights or alarm sound).
3. Technical safeguards
(1) Intelligent collaborative system
-
Master-Slave Control : Synchronize the actions of each machine through PLC or Internet of Things (IoT).
-
Real-time monitoring screen : displays all hook positions, load weight and tilt angles.
(2) Sensor assistance
-
Inclination sensor : monitors the horizontal state of the load and alarms when it exceeds the limit.
-
Tension sensor : Displays the force of each sling in real time to prevent overloading of a single machine.
(3) Digital twin simulation
-
Before the operation, the collaborative process is simulated through 3D models to optimize the lifting plan.
4. Typical application cases
Case 1: Large storage tank installation
-
Equipment : 2 crawler cranes (1 main crane, 1 auxiliary crane).
-
Key points of coordination : The main crane controls vertical lifting, the auxiliary crane cooperates in rotation, and the load distribution ratio is 6:4.
Case 2: Bridge segment assembly
-
Equipment : 4 tower cranes synchronously hoist precast beams.
-
Technology : GPS positioning + laser ranging is used to ensure segment docking accuracy of ±2mm.
5. Regulatory and Standard References
-
ISO 12480-1 : General standard for the safe use of cranes.
-
OSHA 1926.1419 (USA): Specification for multiple crane lifting operations.
-
GB 6067.1 (China): Safety regulations for cranes.
Summarize
The core of multi-machine collaborative operation is "unified command, synchronous control, and real-time monitoring" , which must be guaranteed by both technical means (sensors + automation) and management means (training + plans) . For high-risk operations, it is recommended to introduce a third-party safety assessment agency to supervise the process.
When multiple cranes are working together (such as installing large equipment, lifting bridges, and assembling prefabricated components), safety regulations must be strictly followed to prevent accidents such as collisions, overloads, and eccentric loads. The following are key operating regulations and control points.
1. Preparation before operation
(1) Develop collaborative work plans
-
Load distribution calculation : clarify the load proportion borne by each crane (usually not exceeding 80% of the rated load of a single crane).
-
Lifting point design : ensure that the hook is evenly loaded to avoid eccentric loading (e.g. using a balance beam or distributor).
-
Path planning : simulate the lifting trajectory to avoid multi-machine interference.
(2) Equipment inspection
-
Hooks and rigging : Check for wear, deformation and locking devices (refer to the anti-unhooking technology mentioned above).
-
Synchronous control system : confirm whether each crane has the synchronous operation function (such as variable frequency speed regulation, PLC coordination).
-
Communication system : Test wireless intercom or dedicated command channel to ensure real-time communication between operators and commanders.
(3) Personnel training and division of labor
-
Commander-in-chief : One person gives unified orders, and other operators are prohibited from taking any action without authorization.
-
Signalman : Each crane is equipped with a signalman who uses standardized hand gestures or light signals.
-
Safety Supervisor : monitors the entire site and can stop operations in emergency situations.
2. Key points to control during operation
(1) Synchronous operation specifications
-
Hoisting/lowering synchronization : the speed deviation of each hook is ≤5% to avoid load tilting.
-
Walking coordination : adopts the "leader-slave" mode, the leader controls the direction and the slave follows.
-
Anti-sway control : Combined with anti-sway system (PID or input shaping) to reduce load sway interference.
(2) Safety distance requirements
| Scenario | Minimum spacing requirements |
|---|---|
| Two cranes lifting in parallel | ≥ Load width + 2m |
| Cross-operation (high and low positions) | Vertical distance ≥3m |
| Nearby buildings/high voltage lines | ≥Safety limit (according to local regulations) |
(3) Emergency measures
-
Sudden overload : Stop lifting immediately and balance the load by fine-tuning.
-
Collision warning trigger : The anti-collision system (LiDAR/UWB) is enabled and the vehicle automatically shuts down.
-
Communication interruption : preset emergency stop signal (such as continuous flashing lights or alarm sound).
3. Technical safeguards
(1) Intelligent collaborative system
-
Master-Slave Control : Synchronize the actions of each machine through PLC or Internet of Things (IoT).
-
Real-time monitoring screen : displays all hook positions, load weight and tilt angles.
(2) Sensor assistance
-
Inclination sensor : monitors the horizontal state of the load and alarms when it exceeds the limit.
-
Tension sensor : Displays the force of each sling in real time to prevent overloading of a single machine.
(3) Digital twin simulation
-
Before the operation, the collaborative process is simulated through 3D models to optimize the lifting plan.
4. Typical application cases
Case 1: Large storage tank installation
-
Equipment : 2 crawler cranes (1 main crane, 1 auxiliary crane).
-
Key points of coordination : The main crane controls vertical lifting, the auxiliary crane cooperates in rotation, and the load distribution ratio is 6:4.
Case 2: Bridge segment assembly
-
Equipment : 4 tower cranes synchronously hoist precast beams.
-
Technology : GPS positioning + laser ranging is used to ensure segment docking accuracy of ±2mm.
5. Regulatory and Standard References
-
ISO 12480-1 : General standard for the safe use of cranes.
-
OSHA 1926.1419 (USA): Specification for multiple crane lifting operations.
-
GB 6067.1 (China): Safety regulations for cranes.
Summarize
The core of multi-machine collaborative operation is "unified command, synchronous control, and real-time monitoring" , which must be guaranteed by both technical means (sensors + automation) and management means (training + plans) . For high-risk operations, it is recommended to introduce a third-party safety assessment agency to supervise the process.
When multiple cranes are working together (such as installing large equipment, lifting bridges, and assembling prefabricated components), safety regulations must be strictly followed to prevent accidents such as collisions, overloads, and eccentric loads. The following are key operating regulations and control points.
1. Preparation before operation
(1) Develop collaborative work plans
-
Load distribution calculation : clarify the load proportion borne by each crane (usually not exceeding 80% of the rated load of a single crane).
-
Lifting point design : ensure that the hook is evenly loaded to avoid eccentric loading (e.g. using a balance beam or distributor).
-
Path planning : simulate the lifting trajectory to avoid multi-machine interference.
(2) Equipment inspection
-
Hooks and rigging : Check for wear, deformation and locking devices (refer to the anti-unhooking technology mentioned above).
-
Synchronous control system : confirm whether each crane has the synchronous operation function (such as variable frequency speed regulation, PLC coordination).
-
Communication system : Test wireless intercom or dedicated command channel to ensure real-time communication between operators and commanders.
(3) Personnel training and division of labor
-
Commander-in-chief : One person gives unified orders, and other operators are prohibited from taking any action without authorization.
-
Signalman : Each crane is equipped with a signalman who uses standardized hand gestures or light signals.
-
Safety Supervisor : monitors the entire site and can stop operations in emergency situations.
2. Key points to control during operation
(1) Synchronous operation specifications
-
Hoisting/lowering synchronization : the speed deviation of each hook is ≤5% to avoid load tilting.
-
Walking coordination : adopts the "leader-slave" mode, the leader controls the direction and the slave follows.
-
Anti-sway control : Combined with anti-sway system (PID or input shaping) to reduce load sway interference.
(2) Safety distance requirements
| Scenario | Minimum spacing requirements |
|---|---|
| Two cranes lifting in parallel | ≥ Load width + 2m |
| Cross-operation (high and low positions) | Vertical distance ≥3m |
| Nearby buildings/high voltage lines | ≥Safety limit (according to local regulations) |
(3) Emergency measures
-
Sudden overload : Stop lifting immediately and balance the load by fine-tuning.
-
Collision warning trigger : The anti-collision system (LiDAR/UWB) is enabled and the vehicle automatically shuts down.
-
Communication interruption : preset emergency stop signal (such as continuous flashing lights or alarm sound).
3. Technical safeguards
(1) Intelligent collaborative system
-
Master-Slave Control : Synchronize the actions of each machine through PLC or Internet of Things (IoT).
-
Real-time monitoring screen : displays all hook positions, load weight and tilt angles.
(2) Sensor assistance
-
Inclination sensor : monitors the horizontal state of the load and alarms when it exceeds the limit.
-
Tension sensor : Displays the force of each sling in real time to prevent overloading of a single machine.
(3) Digital twin simulation
-
Before the operation, the collaborative process is simulated through 3D models to optimize the lifting plan.
4. Typical application cases
Case 1: Large storage tank installation
-
Equipment : 2 crawler cranes (1 main crane, 1 auxiliary crane).
-
Key points of coordination : The main crane controls vertical lifting, the auxiliary crane cooperates in rotation, and the load distribution ratio is 6:4.
Case 2: Bridge segment assembly
-
Equipment : 4 tower cranes synchronously hoist precast beams.
-
Technology : GPS positioning + laser ranging is used to ensure segment docking accuracy of ±2mm.
5. Regulatory and Standard References
-
ISO 12480-1 : General standard for the safe use of cranes.
-
OSHA 1926.1419 (USA): Specification for multiple crane lifting operations.
-
GB 6067.1 (China): Safety regulations for cranes.
Summarize
The core of multi-machine collaborative operation is "unified command, synchronous control, and real-time monitoring" , which must be guaranteed by both technical means (sensors + automation) and management means (training + plans) . For high-risk operations, it is recommended to introduce a third-party safety assessment agency to supervise the process.
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